Women usually consider the consequences in love, rarely in resentment. One point of the ongoing controversy over courtly love is the extent to which it was sexual. All courtly love was, to some extent, erotic and not purely platonic – troubadours speak of the physical beauty of their ladies and the feelings and desires that ladies arouse in them. However, it is not clear what a poet should do: live a life of eternal desire and supplement his energies to higher goals or physically. Scientists have seen it both ways. Hispanic Arabic literature, as well as Arabic influence in Sicily, provided another source for the early troubadours of Provence in parallel with Ovid – neglected, although sometimes [by whom?] in courtly love relationships. Arab poets and poems from Muslim Spain express similar oxymoronic views on love, which is both beneficial and disturbing, as troubadours should; [3] taking into account wider European contacts with the Islamic world. [16] Given that courtly love practices were already widespread in Al-Andalus and elsewhere in the Islamic world, it is very likely that Islamic practices influenced Christian Europeans – especially in southern Europe, where classical forms of courtly love first emerged. Nothing but an extreme love of the truth could have stopped me from hiding this part of my story. According to this theory, the lady in the stories serves “to stimulate the zeal of young men and to judge the qualities of each with wisdom and prudence. The best man was the man who had done his best” (Duby, 62). This theory explains the misogynistic elements of courtly love poetry in that the woman is an object to be conquered sexually, not an individual, or an arbiter of a man`s worth based solely on her status as a noble, and again not on who she is as a person. Denis de Rougemont said that the troubadours were influenced by the Cathar teachings that rejected the pleasures of the flesh, and that they metaphorically addressed the minds and souls of their ladies.
Rougemont also said that courtly love followed the code of chivalry, and therefore a knight`s loyalty was always to his king before his mistress. [23] Edmund Reiss asserted that it was also a spiritual love, but a love that had more in common with Christian love or charity. [33] On the other hand, scholars such as Mosché Lazar claim that adulterous sexual love with the physical possession of the lady was the intended purpose. [34] Courtly Love refers to an innovative literary genre of poetry from the High Middle Ages (1000-1300 AD), which elevated the position of women in society and established the motifs of the recognizable romantic genre in the present. The courtly love poem depicts a lady who was usually married but still unapproachable, who became the object of devotion, service and self-sacrifice of a noble knight. Before the development of this genre, women appear in medieval literature as secondary characters and the property of their husbands or fathers; Subsequently, women played an important role in literary works as clearly defined individuals in the works of authors such as Chrétien de Troyes, Marie de France, John Gower, Geoffrey Chaucer, Christine de Pizan, Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio and Thomas Malory. “I love my job and I love my city and I am committed to working here,” he said in a statement. What happened to true love, knows no boundaries and all that? Later, historians such as D. W. Robertson Jr.
[7] in the 1960s and John C. Moore[8] and E. Talbot Donaldson[9] in the 1970s criticized the term as a modern invention, with Donaldson calling it “The Myth of Courtly Love” because it is not supported in medieval texts. Although the term “courtly love” appears in only one surviving Provençal poem (as cortez amors in a late 12th century poem by Peire d`Alvernhe), it is closely related to the term fin`amor (“fine love”), which often translates into Provençal and French, as well as German, as high minne. In addition, other terms and expressions associated with “politeness” and “love” were common throughout the Middle Ages. Although Paris used a term that found little support in contemporary literature, it was not a neologism and significantly describes a particular conception of love and focuses on politeness that was in its essence. [5] In the world of courtly love, on the other hand, women were free to choose their partner and exercised complete control over him. Whether this world reflects a social reality or was only a romantic literary construct is still debated today and at the center of this question is the figure of Eleanor of Aquitaine. At the time of her marriage to Louis VII (1137-1152), Eleanor filled her court with poets and artists. When her marriage was annulled in 1152 AD, Eleanor did the same at her own court in Normandy, where she was particularly entertained by the young troubadour Bernard de Ventadour (12th century AD), one of the greatest medieval poets, who followed her to the court of Henry II in 1152 AD and stayed there for three years. probably like her lover.
A set of attitudes to love that were strong in the Middle Ages. According to the ideal of courtly love, a knight or nobleman worshipped a woman of high birth, and his love for her inspired him to do great things on the battlefield and elsewhere. However, there was usually no physical relationship or marriage between them; The woman was usually married to another man. These authors both wrote at a time when the understanding of Egyptian hieroglyphics (in the case of Paris) and Mesopotamian cuneiform writing (for Lewis) was still in its infancy. Many works from both ancient cultures still needed to be translated – the best known is Sumer`s love song for Shu-Sin (circa 2000 BC), which is considered the oldest love poem in the world and was only translated by Samuel Noah Kramer in 1951 AD. The works of both cultures that had been translated were often not widely disseminated outside anthropological circles. In this case, I suspect that there was a strong childlike quality, love, to produce an effect. The work is based on Ovid`s earlier satirical art of love (Ars Amatoria), which was written around the 2nd century AD. and presented himself as a serious guide to romantic relationships, while mocking them and anyone who takes such things seriously. Because Andrew`s work is so closely consistent with Ovid`s, some scholars claim that it was written for the same purpose – as satire – while others accept it as a serious guide to navigating the world of courtly love.
Andrew established the four precepts of courtly love, supposedly derived from the courts of Eleanor and Mary: Chrétien de Troyes is the poet responsible for some of the best-known aspects of Arthurian legend, including Lancelot`s affair with Guinevere and the quest for the Grail. His works include Erec and Enide, Cliges, Lancelot or the Knight of the Ccart, Yvain or the Knight of the Lion and Percival or the History of the Grail, all written between 1160 and 1190 AD. Christian established the central motifs of the courtly love poetry genre, including: The lady symbolized good as a spirit—and therefore the knight could never complete his love for her—while the marriage in which she was trapped, sanctified by the church, symbolized worldsickness. This theory is by no means universally accepted, but it should be noted that there seems to be a direct link between the activities of the troubadours of southern France and the spread of Catharism in the 12th century AD. “Courtly love”. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/courtly%20love. Retrieved 14 January 2022. The term itself dates back to 1883, when Gaston Paris coined the term Amour Courtois to describe Lancelot`s love for Guinevere in the novel Lancelot (c. 1177 CE) by Chrétien de Troyes. Medieval literature uses a variety of terms for this type of love. In Provençal the word is cortezia (politeness), French texts use fin amour (refined love), in Latin the term is amor honestus (honorable and serious love).
(Lindahl et al., p. 80) Another theory (advanced by the scholar Georges Duby, among others) is that courtly love was a medieval board game played by the upper class at their courts. Duby writes: Courtly love was a game, an educational game. It was the exact counterpart of the tournament. As in the tournament, whose great popularity coincided with the blossoming of courtly eroticism, in this game, the man of noble birth risked his life and put his body in danger in the hope of improving himself, increasing his value, his price and also taking away his pleasure by capturing his opponent after overturning his defenses. He knocked it over, knocked it over and knocked it over. Courtly Love was a tournament. (57-58) The concept and definition of Paris were soon widely accepted and adopted.
